ABSTRACT
Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................190 Speech-Language Pathologists (and Audiologists) .....................................................................191 What Do Speech-Language Pathologists Do? ...........................................................................191 Scope of Practice for Speech-Language Pathology .....................................................................194 Credentialing ...........................................................................................................................195 Associations ..............................................................................................................................199 Normal Speech, Language, Hearing Development ...................................................................199 Speech-Language Pathology and Swallowing ........................................................................... 200
Speech-Language Pathology Assessment .............................................................................. 200 General Considerations for Assessment ............................................................................... 200 Children with Specic Receptive and Expressive Language Disorders ..................................201 Children with Intellectual Disabilities ................................................................................. 207 Children with Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders ........................................... 209 Children with Craniofacial Anomalies .................................................................................211 Children with Neurogenic Disorders of Speech ...................................................................213 Children with Phonatory Disorders .....................................................................................214
Introduction Approximately 42 million people in the United States are a•ected by a communication disorder, and 28 million individuals have a hearing loss. Approximately 1/3 of individuals who report a chronic hearing loss are under age 18. Hearing loss may be a result of auditory disease, such as acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannomas, Meniere’s disease, neurobromatosis I and II, otitis media (primarily in children), otosclerosis, and Waardenburg syndrome. Added to these diseases are congenital deafness and prolonged exposure to hazardous noise levels (noise-induced hearing loss). Presbycusis and tinnitus are also related to hearing problems. About 3.5 million people, ages 3 and older, use a hearing aid.
