ABSTRACT
Since the Šrst fabrication of amorphous carbon (a-C) in 1971 [1], the material has been largely studied and utilized as passivation or protective coatings. The material is known
CONTENTS
Introduction-The Material .........................................................................................................45 Bonding in Amorphous Carbon .............................................................................................46 Amorphous Carbon Growth Mechanism .............................................................................46 Bonding Characterization of Amorphous Carbon .............................................................. 52
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy .................................................................................... 52 Raman Spectroscopy ........................................................................................................... 52
Determination of Surface Energetics .....................................................................................55 Concept of Surface Energy .................................................................................................55 Surface Tension Component .............................................................................................. 57
Remarks ..................................................................................................................................... 59 Hemocompatibility ....................................................................................................................... 59
Hydrogenated and Unhydrogenated Amorphous Carbon ............................................... 61 Effects of Doping ......................................................................................................................66 Effects of Post-Deposition Treatment .................................................................................... 71
Cytocompatibility ......................................................................................................................... 76 Endothelials ...............................................................................................................................77 Macrophages ............................................................................................................................. 81 Fibroblasts ................................................................................................................................. 82 Osteoblasts ................................................................................................................................85 Other Cells .................................................................................................................................88 In Vivo Studies ..........................................................................................................................90
Antibacterial Behavior .................................................................................................................. 92 Biomedical Applications .............................................................................................................. 95
