ABSTRACT
Modern research on photoluminescence (PL) phenomena dates back to the middle and end of the nineteenth century, when J. Herschel, A. E. Becquerel, and G. G. Stokes published their reports on uorescent and phosphorescent materials (Herschel 1845; Stokes 1852; Becquerel 1867). Since then, the origin of PL has been largely understood, and PL studies have thus provided important insight into fundamental material properties. More recently, with the advent of fast detectors and ultrafast laser sources, time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) techniques have emerged as useful tools to understand a wealth of dynamic processes that include charge and energy relaxation, recombination, and transfer. In this chapter, I will introduce four TRPL techniques that offer time resolution in the pico-and
CONTENTS
12.1 Introduction 443 12.2 Techniques 444
12.2.1 Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting 445 12.2.2 Streak Cameras 447 12.2.3 Ultrafast Upconversion 448 12.2.4 Ultrafast Optical Kerr Gating 450
12.3 Interpretation of Measurements 452 12.3.1 TRPL Dynamics of Resonantly Excited Identical Emitters 452 12.3.2 General Considerations in TRPL Measurements 453 12.3.3 Energy Transfer Dynamics 454
12.4 Examples of TRPL Studies 456 12.4.1 Ultrafast Relaxation Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanocrystals 456 12.4.2 Radiative Rate Enhancements in Hybrid Metal-Semiconductor
Nanostructures 458 12.4.3 Energy Transfer Dynamics in Assemblies of Semiconductor
Nanostructures 460 References 463
femtosecond time range, followed by a few comments on the interpretation and analysis of TRPL measurements. I will nish with three research examples, in which TRPL data allowed us to understand ultrafast charge carrier and energy processes in single-component and hybrid nanostructures.
