ABSTRACT
Surface properties of substrates are among the most important contributors to their applications, especially when the application involves the interaction of the surfaces with foreign media or entities. As an example, the surface properties are of tremendous importance when the chromatographic separations of proteins, polymers, or any mixture must be handled. There is always a requirement or desire to achieve extra functionalities on the surface by controlling the surface properties of the substrates, which can be used for one application or another or a combination of a few. The substrates can also be of any nature, e.g., flat, spherical, colloidal, etc. These functionalized surfaces represent a novel class of materials, which at the forefront of technology can lead to revolutionary changes in the conventional processes.
