ABSTRACT
Pesticides have been used extensively since the end of World War II and are, at present, integral to modern agriculture, forestry, animal production, and public health across the world. Roughly, some 3000 million kg of pesticides are applied worldwide per year, 500 million kg corresponding to the United States. In spite of the unquestionable bene…ts, many of these
CONTENTS
14.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 393 14.1.1 Addressing the Terminology ............................................................................... 394
14.1.1.1 Indirect Effects ........................................................................................ 396 14.1.1.2 Direct Effects............................................................................................ 396
14.1.2 Birds, Mammals, Pesticides, and Biomarkers .................................................... 398 14.2 Herbicides ...........................................................................................................................400
