ABSTRACT
Pneumatic conveying (pneumatic transport) is the transport of particulate material by a conveying gas stream in a pipe or duct. These systems are popular in industrial practice because of their ˜exibility and relatively low maintenance requirements. Early pneumatic conveying efforts were mainly focused on the transport of grains, but have since evolved into the movement of a wide range of solid materials including coal, chemicals, cement, catalysts, mining materials, pharmaceuticals, food, and sand. While most solid materials can be transported pneumatically, it can be dif”cult to transport large, dense, cohesive, brittle, or ”ber-like solids due to the increased energy requirement, higher probability of particle attrition, and higher risk of pipeline blockage. Pneumatic conveying systems are currently used within many industrial processes including pneumatic drying operations, dust collection systems, and standpipes in ˜uidized bed systems.
