ABSTRACT
On internal utility substation projects, the typical owner or customer of the project is the area of the company that possesses both the authority and ability to operate the station. On most internal utility substation projects, the system operating area is broadly familiar with the project intent and deliverables. As the substation project enters the closeout phase, the processing and payment of service and product invoices typically represents the primary final project activity that may require firm oversight. Final tests of the completed substation work in a partially energized environment are required in order to determine the acceptability and conformance to customer requirements under conditions as close as possible to normal operating conditions. The substation’s operational instructions, typically created during the engineering phase by appropriate members of the engineering team, are routinely stored on site within the energized substation. Typically, substation projects are initiated by utility companies to meet an exclusive internal need of that utility.
