ABSTRACT
The design and architecture of photonic crystals (PhCs) may be dened as the science and art of selecting discrete scatterers and assembling them into the structures that meet some functional and performance goals. The rst step in the design process is the selection of the shape and dielectric properties of scatterers. In general, dielectric function ε(r, ω) of scatterers, also called permittivity, can have any prescribed spatial dependence, that is, scatterers can be inhomogeneous. The next step is to arrange scatterers spatially in some denite way in space of one, two, or three dimensions (1D, 2D, or 3D). After building in such a way a lattice of PhCs, one then characterizes photonic properties of the designed structure with the use of modern computational techniques.1
