ABSTRACT
Abstract-The development of the basic construction of vertebrates, the metameric system, the sympathetic nervous system, the lymphatic vessel system, the capillary system and the bone marrow hemopoietic system have been investigated from the viewpoint of the gravity-evolutionary theory. The definitive structures and organs of the vertebrates are the bone and respiratory apparatus of the gut. All animal cells have a cellular respiratory system composed of mitochondria. The hemopoietic system in bone marrow, blood cells, and the cardiovascular system are the structures of the organ system between the outer (gut) respiration of gills and lungs and inner (cellular) respiration of mitochondria. The author has successfully developed hybrid artificial bone marrow by applying biomechanical stimuli to sintered apatite; this took on the characteristics of bone marrow hemopoiesis peculiar to higher vertebrates after migrating onto land. The author has also developed a hybrid-type artificial dental root that took on the characteristics of the gompholic tooth peculiar to mammals. By this approach, the author has suggested that evolution occurs according to the mechanical functions of the animal in response to gravitational energy. Establishment of the basic construction of mammals was verified by means of experimental evolutionary studies that showed the Heterodontus (dog shark) had developed into an archetype mammal directly during terrestrialization. These evolutionary phenomena can be seen as a revolutionary transformation of morphology due to biomechanical responses to environmental changes of energy triggering gene expression of cells. Through the establishment of the mammalian system, the tissue immune system is disclosed and a new concept for immune diseases is developed. Diseases of the immune system seem to be related to disorders of the cellular respiration of mitochondria caused by intracellular infections of non-pathogenic micro-organisms in the gut system.
