ABSTRACT
Photochemical smog pollution is presently a well-recognized air pollution problem worldwide. High levels of ozone pollution observed near the Earth’s surface (ground-level ozone) in photochemical smog episodes can cause adverse effects on human health (Burnett et al., 2000; Lippmann, 1991; Weisel et al., 1995), materials, and ecosystems (Royal-Society, 2008). Ozone
CONTENTS
6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 199 6.1.1 Emission of Ozone Precursors in Continental Southeast Asia ...200 6.1.2 Ground-Level Ozone Monitoring ................................................200 6.1.3 Applications of Photochemical Smog Models for Ozone
Impact Study in Asia ..................................................................... 203 6.2 Methodology .............................................................................................. 203
6.2.1 Domain Description ...................................................................... 203 6.2.2 CMAQ/MM5 Modeling Setup .................................................... 204 6.2.3 Simulation Period .......................................................................... 206 6.2.4 Emission Input Data Preparation and Projection ..................... 206
6.2.4.1 Base Year Emission (January 2006) ............................... 206 6.2.4.2 Projected Emission (January 2020) ............................... 207
6.2.5 Calculation of AOT-40 ................................................................... 208 6.3 Projection of Ozone and Potential Impacts ............................................ 209
6.3.1 Spatial Distribution of Ozone over CSEA .................................. 209 6.3.1.1 Monthly Ozone ................................................................ 209 6.3.1.2 Maximum Hourly Ozone ............................................... 211
6.3.2 Projected AOT-40 ........................................................................... 212 6.3.3 Toward Ozone Pollution Mitigation ............................................ 214
6.4 Summary and Conclusions ...................................................................... 216 References ............................................................................................................. 217
also causes damage to vegetation and consequently reduces growth and yield of agricultural crops and forests (Emberson et al., 2003; Hogsett et al., 1997; Novak et al., 2003; Orendovici et al., 2003).
