ABSTRACT
Phase change heat transfer is the most efficient mode for cooling due to the ability of these multiphase flows to transfer huge amounts of thermal energy across small temperature differences. Recent advances in multiphase flows have demonstrated that applying porous nanoparticle coatings to heat exchanging surfaces is a more efficient strategy for thermal management than using coolants that are doped with minute concentrations of nanoparticle-based emulsions. Both strategies are reported to enhance the thermal characteristics for cooling applications as well as energy conversion and thermal energy storage applications. Various efforts at analytical and numerical modelling of these nanoscale effects in multiphase flows have shown that different optimal size ranges exist for the different flow and heat transfer regimes.
