Jacked piles as mitigation measure of surface settlements due to tunneling in clay

From soft to moderately compact (piezocone tip resistance qt from 0.6 to 1.8 MPa). Local inclusions of Unit 2 can be found.

− Unit 2: silty sand, with gravel and cobble and local silty and clayey lenses, from alluvial fan and paleo-riverbed deposits. From moderately to very compact (qt > 10 MPa).