ABSTRACT
High-energy physics employs electronic devices, circuits, and systems on a scale much larger than any other area of scientific research. This electronics is used for readout of nuclear particle detectors. The detection of nuclear particles in majority of experiments is based on particle interactions with matter primarily by two mechanisms: scintillation by excitation of atoms and ionization of atoms in the gas, liquid, or solid detector medium. In large particle physics experiments, there is a great variety of detectors based on noble gases and liquids, crystal and plastic scintillators, as well as semiconductors, either as ionization or scintillation media, or both. The purpose of cryogenic electronics for the very large noble liquid detectors is to avoid the need for signal lines from every single sense wire. Electronics in collider experiments operates under two extreme conditions, very high ionizing and neutron radiation fields and, in some cases, high magnetic field.
