ABSTRACT
The eight major categories covered are facilities to evaluate the effects of: high-energy protons, low-energy protons, heavy ions, neutrons, Co-60 gamma irradiation, electron linacs, x-ray sources for total ionizing dose (TID), and finally pulsed laser facilities. High-energy protons present challenges due to single-event effects arising from nuclear scattering and spallation events in semiconductor material systems, as well as displacement damage and TID degradation. Like many modern cyclotrons in the energy range, the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility serves both the medical physics and satellite microelectronic development needs, as well as manned space research interests. The Loma Linda University Proton Treatment Facility has a primary mission of cancer patient treatment and related research. The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has a very rich history of supporting some of the pioneering work in heavy ion uses for simulation of galactic cosmic radiation particles. The Sandia National Laboratories Ion Beam Laboratory has light and heavy ion microbeam systems.
