ABSTRACT
The word “pesticide” designates a wide range of substances that may be classied as insecticides, fungicides, molluscicides, bactericides, herbicides, and so on, depending on the type of target pest to be controlled. Pesticides have become extremely important aids to the world agricultural production over the last ve decades. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations denes pesticide as “a substance or a mixture of substances intended to prevent, destroy or control any pest” (FAO, 2003). The term includes substances intended for use as plant growth regulators, defoliants, desiccants, fruit thinning agents, or sprouting inhibitors, as well as substances applied to crops either
18.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................591 18.2 Characteristics of Carbamate and Urea Pesticides ..................................................................... 592
18.2.1 Physicochemical Properties .......................................................................................... 592 18.2.2 Degradation ....................................................................................................................612 18.2.3 Toxicity ...........................................................................................................................613 18.2.4 Regulations .....................................................................................................................613
18.3 Sample Preparation ......................................................................................................................614 18.3.1 Matrix Modication .......................................................................................................614 18.3.2 Extraction and Clean-Up................................................................................................614
