ABSTRACT
The provision of sustainable energy can be seen as a wicked problem. A wicked problem is accurately de‚ned in the seminal paper of Rittel and Webber (1973):
• They have no de‚nite formulation. • They have no stopping rules. • Their solutions are not true or false, however, better or worse. • There is no immediate and ultimate test of a solution. • Every solution is a “one-shot operation”; since there is no opportu-
nity to learn by trial and error, every attempt counts signi‚cantly.
