Arsenic and Cadmium Solubilization and Immobilization in Paddy Soils in Response to Alternate Submergence and Drainage

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) are potential carcinogenic elements in the human diet and can cause various illnesses (IARC, 1987, 1993). Excessive Cd intake is linked to pathologies, including diabetes, cancers, and high blood

CONTENTS

12.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 379 12.2 Solubilization and Immobilization as Affected by Redox

Conditions ................................................................................................... 381 12.2.1 Redox Conditions in Paddy Soils ................................................ 381 12.2.2 Solubilization and Immobilization .............................................383