ABSTRACT
In addition, the increase of public awareness of environmental sustainability issues has also motivated a shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. Biofuels are among the most promising forms of renewable energy because they can be produced from a wide variety of feedstocks (mainly biomass), which has good potential to reduce greenhousegas emissions. Technologies that convert biomass to value-added products (biodiesel, bioethanol, charcoal, fuel pellets, etc.) through thermal, biological, and physical conversions are now well established. However, a biorefinery that uses biomass as a feedstock to produce multiple products, in an analogous way to a petroleum renery, is a newly proposed concept (Fernando et al., 2006). In recent years, various concepts of the biorenery have been proposed. For example, Kamm et al. (1998) dened a biorenery as a complex system of
CONTENTS
13.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 397 13.2 Problem Statement ............................................................................................................. 399 13.3 Automated Targeting ........................................................................................................400 13.4 Case Study 1 .......................................................................................................................403
