ABSTRACT
Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have been the focus of intense research in recent years [1,2], due to their applications in electronics and photovoltaics. These wide band gap materials have been used as the active channel material in Œeld-effect transistors [3,4]; as the electron-accepting material in dye-sensitized solar cells [5]; and, when doped, as transparent electrodes for transistors, organic light emitting diodes, solar cells, and electrochromic windows [6]. The most widely used TCO is indium tin oxide (ITO). However, due to high processing costs and indium scarcity there has been a Œeld-wide push to Œnd suitable alternatives.
