ABSTRACT
A wireless sensor network is a network of tiny sensor nodes that communicate with each other through a wireless communication link. Each sensor node typically consists of a processing device, a small amount of memory, a battery, and a radio transceiver for communication. Wireless sensor networks can be used in diverse applications in both industrial and commercial environments. Due to various constraints, existing localization systems, such as global positioning systems (GPS), cannot be used for the localization of wireless sensor nodes. Certain applications of wireless sensor networks require sensor nodes to be aware of their positions relative to the sensor network. The problem of node localization and positioning in a sensor network can be solved if each node is equipped with a GPS device. The majority of the existing localization algorithms may be classified as range-based or range-free depending on whether an algorithm uses distance estimation or some other information for estimating node locations.
