ABSTRACT
References 107
This chapter focuses on the use of structural imaging, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in dementia.
The ability to visualize brain structure in life means MRI and CT have a central role in diagnosis. Traditionally, this role was limited to ‘ruling out’ pathologies that may be responsible for cognitive impairment, including so-called treatable or reversible causes. Increasingly imaging is used to assist in the diagnosis of dementia subtype. This function to ‘rule in’ causes has become possible because of advances in imaging methods which allow more subtle anatomical and pathological changes to be detected. It also reflects a conceptual shift towards diagnosing dementia subtypes using both exclusion and inclusion criteria, and recognition that imaging can enhance diagnostic accuracy. In addition, the result of a scan often has a pivotal role in helping individuals and their families understand and adjust to the diagnosis of dementia.
