ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology is seen as one of the most important ϐields of innovation and technology today [6, 8, 59]. The size is in the range of 1-100 nm the theories of classical and quantum mechanics are no long valid and a rich variety of unexpected properties are possible. New applications for materials can be created with novel or signiϐicantly enhanced properties. Products produced from these materials exhibit unique properties [6]. Nanoparticles are produced in two main ways (Fig. 4.1). The traditional way of producing ϐine particles has been “top-down” referring to the reduction through attrition and various methods of comminution in the traditional sense. During the past few years and increasingly, methods of production using “bottom-up” techniques are being increasingly utilized [39]. Bottom up approach refers to the buildup of a material from the bottom: atom by atom, molecule by molecule, or cluster by cluster.
