ABSTRACT
Knowledge of the variation in the musculoskeletal system throughout childhood is fundamental to identifying deviations from normal (Figure 16.1). Proportions of the limbs and ranges of movement of the joints change throughout childhood. For example, healthy neonates have increased mobility at the ankles and wrists but more restricted movement at the elbows and knees compared with infants just a few months older. The tibia is normally
bowed in neonates and infants compared to older children, giving a bow-legged appearance.
