ABSTRACT
Introduction 739 Methodology 740 Flow cytometry 740 Immunohistochemistry 740 Monoclonal antibody panels and immunologic profiles 741
in lymphoid disorders Flow cytometry 741 Immunohistochemistry 747 Immunologic markers for detection of minimal 749
residual disease
Prognostic markers 749 Ki-67 and MiB-1 749 TP53 749 BCL2 749 BCL6 750 ALK 750 CD38 and ZAP70 expression 750 BCL10 750 Key points 751 References 751
There have been significant advances in the immunophenotypic characterization of lymphoid neoplasms and this, in turn, has resulted in a better understanding of the normal lymphoid differentiation and maturation. Essentially, lymphoid neoplasms derive from B and T lymphocytes at various stages of maturation or activation. The immunophenotypic profile in most of these malignancies, to some extent, mimics that of the corresponding normal lymphoid counterpart albeit with some deviations which, at present, are not fully understood. In addition, although major efforts have been undertaken to identify the cell origin and/or the stage of differentiation of the neoplastic cell in the various lymphomas, it is apparent that there is heterogeneity within a disease when considering molecular features such as immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGHV) gene somatic mutations and gene profile expression. This has made it difficult to assign the neoplastic cell to a normal cell counterpart.
