ABSTRACT
Haematuria may be intermittent or persistent. Blood appearing at the beginning of the urinary stream indicates a lower urinary tract cause, whereas uniform staining throughout the stream points to a cause higher up. Terminal haematuria is typical of severe bladder irritation caused stone or infection. If the patient experiences pain with haematuria, the characteristics of the pain may help to identify the source of the bleeding. If there is a malignant cause for the haematuria there is usually no pain.
