ABSTRACT
In recent decades, the formation of cooperative groups, including the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) in North America and the Société International d’Oncologie Pédiatrique (SIOP), has brought together medical, scientific, and nursing professionals to provide coordinated care for children with malignancies. Their integrated efforts have given rise to a greater understanding of the biology of childhood cancers and enabled the development of effective multimodality treatments. As a result, the overall probability of cure for childhood malignancy has more than tripled in the past 30 years.1 However, this success has not occurred equally in all pediatric cancers. Most notably, and with few exceptions, the outlook for children with brain tumors has remained largely unchanged.
