ABSTRACT
I. Introduction In the earlier phases of the AIDS pandemic, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia was thought to occur less frequently in developing regions than in industrialized countries [1-3]. African patients, for example, were thought to develop other opportunistic infections (such as tuberculosis and bacteremia with nontyphoid Salmonella or pneumococci) before they could develop Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) [4,5]. More recently, studies from a number of developing countries suggest that significantly higher prevalences of PcP among HIV-infected patients exist than had previously been suspected. This article reviews reports on PcP from various developing countries and compares the epidemiological and clinical features of this disease in developing countries to that of the disease in industrialized nations.
