ABSTRACT
Breast cancer is a type of cancer originating from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of the milk ducts or lobules that supply the ducts with milk [1]. Developments in breast cancer control will be greatly abetted by early discovery, thereby facilitating diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in its preinvasive state before metastasis. Breast cancer is the most frequently occurring malignancy and is the second leading cause of cancerrelated death for women in the United States [2]. The most efcacious screening modality utilized in the clinic is mammography, although lesions less than 0.5 cm in size remain undetectable by current machinery. Importantly, however, even though a breast lesion may be detected, given the low sensitivity/specicity of mammography, approximately fourfold more women have resultant biopsies. The 5-year survival rate for women with breast cancer is highly correlated with tumor stage, with tumor detection at very early stages (stages 0 and I) having an approximately 98% survival rate. The 5-year survival rate is approximately 85% for stage II tumors, approximately 60% for stage III tumors, and approximately 20% for stage IV tumors. Overall, women with breast cancer have an approximately 226,870 new cases and 39,510 deaths expected in the United States in 2010 [2]. Substantial progress has been made over the past three decades in our understanding of the epidemiology, clinical course, and basic biology of breast cancer and the integration of routine and molecular biomarkers into patient management [3]. Modern techniques designed to detect the disease at an earlier stage, combined with new methods of determining risk assessment and more optimized combined modality treatment, have enhanced our ability to
CONTENTS
12.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 299 12.2 Autoantibodies in Breast Cancer ..................................................................................... 301 12.3 Discovery of Changed Plasma Protein Expression for Identication of Breast
Cancer-Precise Biomarkers ..............................................................................................304 12.4 Use of Mass Spectrometric Methodologies for Identication of Breast
Cancer-Precise Biomarkers .............................................................................................304 12.5 Mass-Spectrometric Proling of Nipple Aspirate Fluid or Ductal Lavage Fluid .....305 12.6 N-Linked Glycan Proling for Biomarker Identication in Cancer Serum ..............305 12.7 Summary ............................................................................................................................. 307 References ..................................................................................................................................... 307
manage, and in many cases, cure the disease. For more than 100 years, morphology has been the cornerstone for the assessment of breast cancer prognosis [4].
