ABSTRACT
Access to the central venous and arterial circulation is frequently required in surgical
patients. Numerous methods and routes for central venipuncture exist, each with inherent
advantages and risks. The most frequently used sites are the subclavian, internal jugular,
and femoral veins. Central venous access also may be achieved via the axillary, external
jugular, and antecubital veins. Potential sites for arterial access include radial, femoral, dor-
salis pedis, axillary, and brachial arteries. This chapter discusses the indications, contra-
indications, placement techniques, and complications of vascular access procedures.
