ABSTRACT
Modern process plants operate in an environment marked by intense competition on a global scale and a sharper focus on customer satisfaction, safety and environmental compliance along with an increasingly demanding and dynamic market place. Keeping these imperatives in view, current and emerging plants of the future may need to be designed with an emphasis on energy conservation and optimal use of all resources. This would result in integrated plant configurations, which have tightly coupled process units with internal recycling, reduced inventories and regulated waste discharge. The competitive environment in which a modern plant operates, calls for operation at maximum levels of productivity while maintaining product quality within specifications and operating within equipment and operational safety constraints.
