ABSTRACT
The nervus vagus, also the nervus pneumogastricus, is generally called the bowel nerve and functions as a combination of two counterparts. The right nervus vagus mainly innervates the bowel channel up to the colon flexor, whereas the left nervus vagus is primarily for the nervous regulation of the epigastric region and the liver.
The nervi splanchnici pelvini, which are the preganglion fibers leading out of the parasympathetic heartland of the spinal sacral vertebra S2-4 and S5, provide the parasympathetic innervation of the pelvis. These nerves run in the pars nervosa of the ligamentum cardinale, medial to the musculus ischiococcygeus and then directly to the rectum, the internal anal sphincter, and the bladder. In the neural part of the cardinal ligament, the more mediodorsal parasympathetic fibers proceed to the rectum, whereas the more lateroventral fibers supply the bladder.
