ABSTRACT
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic condition encountered in patients undergoing ovulation induction. The incidence of moderate to severe forms of OHSS occurs in 1-2% of assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles. The clinical symptom complex of ovarian enlargement, abdominal distension, nausea/ vomiting, ascites, and oliguria characterizes the syndrome. Although OHSS is almost exclusively observed in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycles using exogenous gonadotropins, rarely clomiphene citrate administration can cause similar clinical features. The existence of this syndrome was first reported in 19611. Whereas transvaginal ultrasound and serum estradiol (E2) determinations have made monitoring of the clinical response to gonadotropins far more precise, the incidence of OHSS per treatment cycle has not lessened in the past 30 years.
