ABSTRACT
Laparoscopy has a long history and recent technological advancements such as videolaparoscopy and economic inducements have encouraged general and colorectal surgeons to adopt this technology [1]. For frequently performed procedures that are less demanding, such as cholecystectomy, laparoscopic methods have rapidly become the method of choice for most patients. However, colon and rectal procedures are significantly more difficult, and minimally invasive techniques have had a slower and less significant impact on patient care. The colon is a large, hollow organ located in all four abdominal quadrants. Colorectal procedures require extensive mobilization of the colon, with ligation of numerous large blood vessels, extraction of a large specimen, and restoration of bowel continuity. These additional challenges have required special instruments and techniques. Potential advantages of laparoscopic techniques over open approaches include less pain and disability, shorter postoperative ileus, a shorter hospital stay, and improved cosmesis. Unfortunately, with the exception of cosmesis, none of these advantages has been consistently demonstrated by prospective controlled trials [2]. Disadvantages of laparoscopy are its additional cost, reduction or loss of tactile information for the surgeon, and unknown recurrence and survival rates after laparoscopic procedures. This chapter briefly reviews the expanding status of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery.
