Economic Issues, Referral Patterns, and Choice of Treatment Modality of End-Stage Renal Disease in Europe

Figure 1 shows the calculations of the cost of health care expenses for the year 1994 in the three groups of countries. Between $971 and $2010 per head is spent on health care in ‘‘public’’ countries, which is much less than the amount spent by the ‘‘mix’’ countries. The latter spend from $1484 to $2294 per year per head of population.