ABSTRACT
Cells for experimental investigations can be obtained from a variety of sources, including tissue-derived primary cell isolations, transformed cell lines, and clonal cell lines that are available from commercial cell banks (e.g., American Type Culture Collection and European Collection of Animal Cell Cultures). A cell line is derived from rst-passaged primary cultures. e choice of cell source is oen dictated by the nature of the scientic question or application that is pursued. Established cell lines have been well studied and oer less experimental variability with the benets of ease of procurement and maintenance. However, cell lines are considered to be further removed (with respect to primary cells) from the physiologic situation.
