ABSTRACT
This chapter surveys and highlights some of the many achievements in this field along with future challenges that must be faced in order realize the full potential of bionanotechnological approaches in neural recording and stimulation. Most of the developments in neural stimulation and recording have focused on the application of the latest advances in microfabrication of silicon and other electronic materials to the classical intra- and extracellular electrophysiology techniques. The chapter focuses on the methods benefiting from the latest developments in nanoscale technologies and tools such as nanoparticles, nanowires, carbon nanotubes (CNT), quantum dots and silicon nanoscale transistors. CNT, sheets of graphene rolled into a tubular structure, have unique chemical, mechanical, electrical and thermal properties that have generated high interest for use in biomedical applications. It also focuses on the stimulation side or the recording side of the neural interface based on the emphasis of the literature.
