ABSTRACT
The early 1980s witnessed the emergence of what scholars termed new public management (NPM) for public sector reform across the globe. NPM challenged the prevailing bureaucratic structures, practices, and values of the public service. It called for the introduction of “managerialism,” which is the embedding of private sector management principles in the public sector. These ideas influenced the public sector to such an extent that one prominent scholar in the mid-1990s unequivocally declared that “the NPM is here to stay” (Borins 1995: 122). By the early 2000s, however, glaring problems associated with NPM resulted in a renewed call for new ways to manage the public sector. Some scholars argued that NPM had
Introduction ......................................................................................................21 Understanding New Public Governance .......................................................23
