ABSTRACT
Urbanization has resulted in huge population concentrations in megacities of the world. Such cities as New York, Tokyo, London, Mumbai, and Shanghai all boast of populations in the tens of millions. All these cities
5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 97 5.2 Bird’s-eye view of evacuation route planning research .................. 100
5.2.1 Routing, trafc assignment, and clearance time .................. 101 5.2.2 Efcient use of the critical roadway segments ..................... 104
5.2.2.1 Lane-based routing .................................................... 105 5.2.2.2 Contraow................................................................... 106 5.2.2.3 Shelter locations and clearance time ....................... 108
5.2.3 Stochastic models .......................................................................110 5.3 Software and modeling tools ...............................................................113 5.4 Conclusions .............................................................................................117 References .........................................................................................................118
have an excellent infrastructure to support their thriving population, but do these metropolitans have an efcient plan for evacuating their residing populations in case of an impending danger? The answer would probably be “no.” This is because the dynamics of evacuation are highly complex resulting from behavior of people and unforeseen circumstances of the event. Attempts have been made to address this problem by applying the concepts of operations research (OR). Mathematical models have been designed that attempt to mimic the real evacuation scenario. These models are then solved for optimizing the evacuation process. This chapter focuses on applications of OR models in evacuation planning.
