ABSTRACT
The logistics of evacuation are relatively simple when authorities can provide adequate forewarning (e.g., most oods on the lower reaches of major rivers) in areas where households have their own cars and have friends or relatives who live in safe areas nearby. However, signicant logistical problems can arise in the course of warning, transporting, and providing accommodations for large numbers of residents, some of whom might be limited in their access to transportation or even in their personal mobility. In some cases, people lacking cars are sufciently mobile that they can walk to nearby locations where they can board buses that will carry them to safety. In other cases, individuals have such limited mobility that they must be picked up from their homes and transported by vans. Finally, some individuals require intensive care and thus require ambulances for transport. Although many such individuals are in hospitals, nursing homes, or other institutions, some live in homes that are distributed throughout the community and must be identied through home health care organizations. Moreover, many households have pets
and some have farm animals that must be evacuated. Emergency managers must take all these conditions into account when planning for and managing evacuations and public shelters.
