Nowadays, advances in many technological fields are strongly associated with the growing development in nanoscale science and technology. In chemistry, one of the particular fields more influenced by nanotechnology has been analytical bioelectrochemistry. In fact, current developments in the design of novel electrochemical sensors with improved bioanalytical properties and high stability are mainly based on the use of electrodes functionalized with nanomaterials [1, 2]. This trend can be easily recognized by examining the scientific literature published on this topic. Searching in the ISI Web of KnowledgeSM database, it can be found that about 47% of all the reports dealing with the preparation of new electrochemical

biosensors during the last decade involved the use of nanomaterialfunctionalized electrodes. This trend increased continuously with years, as is illustrated in Fig. 2.1. For the future, a major impact of nanosized materials in biosensor technology is also predictable, mainly conditioned by: • the discovery of novel nanomaterials with unique

electroconductive properties. Graphene, and its rapid use in biosensor construction, is a recent example that supports this hypothesis.