ABSTRACT
Contents 15.1 Cyber-Physical Systems for Building Energy Saving ........................................................217 15.2 Occupancy-Based Demand Response HVAC Control Strategy ......................................218 15.3 ARIMA-Based Electricity Use Forecasts .........................................................................219 15.4 Circuit-Level Energy Monitoring ................................................................................... 220 15.5 A Limited-Data Model of Building Energy Consumption ..............................................221 15.6 Reducing and Monitoring Energy Usage in Residential Settings .................................... 223
15.6.1 TinyEARS: Spying on House Appliances with Audio Sensor Nodes .................. 223 15.6.2 Private Memoirs of a Smart Meter ...................................................................... 224 15.6.3 Wireless, Collaborative Virtual Sensors for Thermal Comfort ............................ 226 15.6.4 Zero-Configuration Sensor Network Architecture for Smart Buildings .............. 226 15.6.5 Using Circuit-Level Power Measurements in Household Energy Management
Systems ............................................................................................................... 228 15.7 Human-Building-Computer Interaction ...................................................................... 229 15.8 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 230 References ............................................................................................................................... 230
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We can add inputs to the HVAC controllers in order to increase the systems operating efficiency [1]. A key input that should be considered is the current occupancy of the building. The main obstacle to producing this input is the inaccuracy and limited usage of sensors for detecting occupancy. A good occupancy detection system is proposed in [1]. It involves using a Reed switch along with passive infrared (PIR) sensor to provide increased occupant detection. PIR sensors detect movement and by themselves are not accurate enough to evaluate the occupancy of a building. The Reed switch detects whenever a door to the room is opened. In conjunction with the PIR sensors, the system can mark a room as occupied when a door is opened then closed and the PIR detects movement in the room. This way, if an occupant stops moving after entering the room, the system will keep the area as occupied. The one fault with this system is when one occupant leaves a room while another stays still inside the room. For this circumstance, the authors added an interrupt to their algorithm, so that whenever the PIR sensors detect movement, the room will automatically be marked as occupied.
