ABSTRACT
Modern organization has become characterized by complexity. In general, human activity systems which have a substantial technical content present a great challenge to society today concerning how they are to be managed. In particular, how modern interdependent organizations are to be managed so as to produce an acceptable risk is a question which has come to the fore in dramatic ways in recent years (Kroger, 2008; Zhang, et al., 2012; Lee, et al., 2003; Alam, 2012; Cartier, 2012; Lagadec & Topper, 2012; Tichy, 2012). A vast amount of research has been publish on the subject; for example those reported by Balakrishnan, et al., (1998), Chamberlan & Sanso, (2001), Haimes, et al., (1998), Rinaldi, 2001, Amin, (2001), Lee, et al., (2003), Cozzani, et al., (2005), Cagno, et al., (2009), Rosato, et al., (2008), Panzieri & Setola (2008), Baiardi & Telemon (2008).
