ABSTRACT
The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is one of the most advanced energy devices, which has high power or energy densities, high efciency of energy conversion, and low or zero emissions when it is used in automobile, portable, and stationary applications. However, two major challenges of PEM fuel cell technology, such as high cost and low durability, have been identied as the barriers hindering its commercialization. It has been recognized that the electrocatalysts, which are used for catalyzing anode fuel
CONTENTS
10.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 291 10.2 Metal Oxide-Based Supported Catalysts ................................................ 294
10.2.1 Magneli Phase Titania-Supported Catalysts .............................. 294 10.2.2 Metal-Doped Titania-Supported Catalysts ................................ 295 10.2.3 Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide ............................................. 299 10.2.4 Sulfated Zirconia (S-ZrO2)-Supported Catalysts .......................300 10.2.5 SnO2-Based Material-Supported Catalysts .................................300 10.2.6 WOx-Supported Catalysts ............................................................. 301 10.2.7 SiO2-Supported Catalysts .............................................................. 301
10.3 Boride-Supported Catalysts .....................................................................302 10.4 Carbide-Supported Catalysts ...................................................................303
