ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Lung cancer (LC) remains one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, with a 5-year survival rate as low as 13%. Reliable and cost-effective LC markers are urgently needed for early LC diagnosis through population-based screening. Certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and their collective patterns) in exhaled breath are interesting candidates as LC markers for malignancy, staging, histology, genotype, and distinction from other malignant and benign disease. VOC LC markers can be derived either as LC-specic compounds by analytical chemistry or as collective breath prints by statistical treatment of the output of sensor arrays. Direct breath printing using sensor arrays is better suited for clinical applications than chemical analysis of the breath VOCs.
