ABSTRACT
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) or “Grätzel cells” have attracted widespread academic and commercial interest during the last 18 years due to their potential for lowcost solar energy conversion [4.1-4.10]. With the optimization of the key materials and device engineering, high conversion effi ciencies of 10-11 % have been achieved with organic solvent-based electrolytes under standard air mass 1.5 (AM1.5G) global sunlight [4.2-4.4]. Moreover, conversion effi ciencies of around 9 % have been reported for ion liquid-based electrolytes with long-term device stability [4.4].
