ABSTRACT
Electrochemistry represents a dynamic eld with many applications in today’s industrial economy. Electrochemical energy systems are devices that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy. Fuel cells like batteries or galvanic cells are the most important examples of electrochemical systems. The understanding and design of electrochemical systems are both fascinating and challenging because of the simultaneous collaboration of mass transport, charge transport, electrochemical kinetics, and thermal effects. Electrochemical processes have important applications in both nature and industry. This includes generation of chemical energy in photosynthesis, electroplating, batteries, supercapacitors, and also in the biomedical eld.
