ABSTRACT
The eld of nanotechnology has drastically grown because of development of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that can exhibit a variety of unique and tunable chemical and physical properties. It is these unique physicochemical properties that have made ENMs key components in material science, engineering, and medicine. This has led to an array of emerging technologies and numerous commercial products. Although nanomaterials (NMs) have widespread potential applications, skin penetration and toxicity of these ENMs have not been thoroughly evaluated under likely environmental, occupational, and medicinal exposure scenarios. Many challenges must be overcome before NMs can be used in nanomedicine and consumer products.
13.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 247 13.2 Skin Anatomy and Physiology......................................................................248 13.3 Model Systems Used to Assess Nanoparticle Absorption and Penetration.....249
