ABSTRACT
The element hydrogen is the most commonly found element in the universe. However, hydrogen molecules (H2) are not readily available. As such, it is an energy carrier as opposed to a fuel. It can be used in various mobile applications such as (1) in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell for transportation systems or mobile devices (e.g., laptops and cell phones) where it catalytically reacts with oxygen to produce water and electricity, (2) in internal combustion engines for surface transportation where it can be mixed with liquid fuel [1,2], or (3) in rocket propulsion [3]. Akunets et al. [2] also suggested using a mixture of liquid oxygen and hydrogen in polymer microballoons for jet engine fuel [2].
