ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology has emerged as a revolutionary new science and technology with great potential to improve many aspects of our daily lives. Although it is still in its early stage of development with some limitations that require more fundamental research, nanotechnology has enabled and facilitated novel research in many areas, such as nanomaterials and nanomedicine [1-3]. e intrinsic structural and functional exibilities of nanoparticles make them an ideal candidate for resolving shortcomings that existed in conventional medicines such as low target selectivity and high dosage needed [4-7]. A variety of material platforms are being actively developed for these purposes, including polymers, lipids, and inorganic solid or carbon-based nanoparticles [8-11]. Due to the large surface-to-volume ratio of these nanomaterials, sophisticated nanosystems can be developed with various functional modules for applications in sensing environmental changes, targeting specic cell receptors, and maximizing drug payload [5,12,13].
