ABSTRACT
The nursery and floricultural industry is highly dependent on container plant production. Utilizing sustainable inputs and adopting sustainable practices have become a significant trend for horticultural production world-wide. This has led to a significant increase in pot-in-pot (PIP) nursery production, especially for large caliper trees traditionally produced as field-produced balled and burlapped crops [27]. PIP tree production is a combination of traditional container and field production where the growing container (production pots) is placed tightly within a semipermanent, underground socket pot [26, 31, 37, 38]. Pot sizes have varied from 3 to 30 gallons (Fig. 1). A plant is usually in the production container from six to nine months but not more than two years.
